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Microsoft has provided the Active Directory Service Interface (ADSI), an API for
directory services, for many years. ADSI allows us to access the directory
services of various network providers in a distributed computing environment,
and it presents a single set of directory service interfaces for managing
network resources. We can list and manage the resources in a directory service
via the ADSI service, but we do not need to know where the actual resource is
located. We can use ADSI to perform common administrative tasks such as
searching resources like computers, users, printers, shares, and groups on an
enterprise computer network.
When you install a Windows 2000 domain controller and are creating a new forest
and domain, you install the Active Directory (and optionally an Active
Directory-integrated DNS if one does not exist), in which all resource
information is stored. The Windows 2000 Active Directory allows you to store
information about all kinds of resources such as computers, groups, printers,
shares, users, and so on. If you want to surf through an Active Directory, you
would use the basic program named LDP.EXE from theWindows2000 support tools, in
the Windows 2000 CD's support directory. Active Directory is a database that has
a storage structure similar to that of the Registry-namely, hierarchical rather
than relational. This statement is also valid for other LDAP (Lightweight
Directory Access Protocol ) servers and stores. You can also think of it as an
XML Document Object Model tree. Every object inside Active Directory is created
based on a schema object type, has an LDAP path relative to the root, and has
particular attributes such as name and global unique identifier (GUID). The
created objects of valid schema types reside as nodes in the Active Directory
tree.
Figure 21.2 shows a simple model of an Active Directory tree and node. (Note
that the same logic applies to all LDAP servers such as Microsoft Internet
Information Server.)
Figure 21.2: Active Directory Data and Search Model Root 
The DirectoryEntry class presents a node or object in the Active Directory
hierarchy. The Add method creates a request to create a new entry in the
container. The Find method returns the child with the specified name. The Remove
method deletes a child DirectoryEntry from this collection. Table 21.11
describes the members of the DirectoryEntry class.
Table 21.11: DirectoryEntry Class Members  The DirectorySearcher class performs queries against the Active Directory. But
of the systemsupplied ADSI providers like LDAP, Internet Information Services (IIS),
and Novell NetWare Directory Service (NDS), only LDAP supports searching. The
Filter property of the DirectorySearcher class gets or sets the LDAP filter
string format. The FindAll method in the DirectorySearcher class executes the
search and returns a collection of entries found. Table 21.12 describes the
members of the DirectorySearcher class.
Table 21.12: DirectorySearcher Class Members
Conclusion
Hope this article would have helped you in understanding Working with
Directory Services in VB.NET. Remaining part of this article you will see in my next article.
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